Elections in Peru: fragmentation, uncertainty, and the return to bicameralism
On April 12, Peru will hold general elections to determine the president and two vice presidents for the 2026–2031 term, alongside the renewal of Congress under a new bicameral structure. In a context marked by high political fragmentation and growing public disaffection, the electoral scenario appears open and highly uncertain.
In addition to the presidential race, the elections will mark the return to bicameralism, with 130 deputies and 60 senators to be elected, along with representatives to the Andean Parliament. This institutional redesign introduces new dynamics into the political system and raises questions about its impact on future governability.
Recent polling reflects a highly fragmented contest: with 36 candidates in the race, none exceeds 12% in voting intention. Rafael López Aliaga leads with around 11%, followed by Keiko Fujimori with close to 10%, in a context where blank and null votes, together with undecided voters, approach 40%. This scenario highlights a deep crisis of representation and points to an election prone to unexpected outcomes.
Against this backdrop, the presidential race is likely to be decided in a runoff scheduled for June 7, where candidates’ ability to broaden support and build alliances will be decisive.
At the legislative level, the return to bicameralism could help reduce congressional fragmentation, although it will also require the next Executive to build majorities in both chambers to advance its agenda. In a political system marked by instability, negotiation and cross-party agreements will remain essential for governability.